Tenses

                          TENSES

Tenses denote the time of action. They show when the work is done. They are:

(1)Present Tense (2) Past Tense

(3) Future Tense

They are further divided into

(1) Simple Present. It is used to denote scientific facts, universal truths and work

done on daily basis.

ASSERTIVE RULE

--- sub + V1+s/es + object

Example - She writes a letter.

NEGATIVE RULE ---Sub + does not + v1+s/es + object

Example - She does not write a letter.

INTERROGATIVE RULE --- Does + sub + v1+s/es + obiect

Example - Does she write a letter?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE ASSERTIVE - Does + sub +not+v1+s/es + object

Example - Does she not write a letter?

(2) Present Continuous-It is used to express an action taking place at the time

of speaking. ASSERTIVE RULE -sub + is/am/are + v1+ine + obiect

Example

- she is writing a letter

NEGATIVE RULE --- sub + is/am/are+not+v1+ing + object

Example She is not writing a letter INTERROGATIVE RULE - Is/am/are + sub + v1 + ing + object

Example - Is she writing a letter?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE RULE --- is/am/are + sub +not+v1+ing + object

Example - Is she not writing a letter?

(3) Present Perfect-It is used to show an action that started in the past and has

just finished.

ASSERTIVE RULE ---Sub + has/have + v3 + object

Example-She has written a letter.

NEGATIVE RULE --- sub + has/have+not+v3+ object

Example-She has not written a letter.

INTERROGATIVE RULE-has/have + sub + v3+ object

Example-Has she written a letter?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE RULE-has/have + sub +not+v3+ object

Example-Has she not written a letter"!

(4) Present Perfect Continuous- This tense shows the action which started in

the past and is still continuing ASSERTIVE RULE --- sub + has/have + been + v1 + ing + object

Example - She has been writing a letter.

NEGATIVE RULE --- sub + has/have not been + v1+ing + object Example-She has not been writing a letter.

INTERROGATIVE RULE ---has/have + sub + been + v1+ing + object

Example - Has she been writing a letter?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE RULE has/have + she+not+ been + vi+ing + object

Example - Has she not been writing a letter?

                       Past Tense

Tense symbolizes the ever moving, non-stop wheel of time which is forever busy gathering moments of future and throwing them into the dustbin of past

Past (before now)

Simple Past

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Simple Past

Used to indicate an action completed in the past. It often occurs with adverb of time. Sometimes it is used without an adverb of time.

Used for past habits..

Eg. I played football when I was a child.

Rule: Subject + V2

Eg She wrote a letter

1. Assertive Sentences -

Subject+V2+ Object + (.)

She wrote a letter. 2. Negative Sentences

Subject + didn't+VI + Object + (.)

She didn't write a letter.

3. Interrogative Sentences

Did + Subject + VI+ Object + (?)

Did she write a letter?

4. Interrogative Negative Sentences Did + Subject+not+ VI+ Object + (?)

Did she not write a letter?

Past Continuous Tense

Used to denote an action going on at some time in the past.

e.g. I was driving a car.

Rule: was/were + ing

1. Assertive Sentences

Subject+ was/were +V1+ ing + Object + (.)

She was writing a letter. 2. Negative Sentences Subject + was/were+not+ing + Object+()

She was not writing a letter.

3. Interrogative Sentences Was/were + Subject + ing+ Object + (?)

Was she writing a letter? 4. Interrogative Negative Sentences

Was/were + Subject + not + ing+ Object + (?)

Was she not writing a letter?

Past Perfect Tense

Used to describe an action completed before a certain moment in the past, usually a long time ago. If two actions happened in the past, past perfect is used to show the

action that took place earlier.

1. Assertive Sentences - Subject + had + V3+ Object + (.)

e.g. The patient had died before the doctor came.

She had written a letter, 2. Negative Sentences

Subject+ had +not+ Object + (.) She had not written a letter.

3. Interrogative Sentences

Had + Subject + V3+ Object + (?)

Had she written a letter? 4. Interrogative Negative Sentences

Had + Subject+not+ V3+ Object + (2)

Had she not written a letter?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Used to denote an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued

up to some time in past.

e.g. I had been learning English in this school for 20 days. 1. Assertive Sentences

Subject + had been +VI + ing + Object + (.)

She had been writing a letter 2. Negative Sentences

Subject + had + not been + VI+ ing + Object + (.)

She had not been writing a letter.

3. Interrogative Sentences

Had + Subject+ been+ VI+ ing + Object + (?)

Had she been writing a letter?

4. Interrogative Negative Sentences Had + Subject +not+ been + V1+ing + Object + (?)

Had she not been writing a letter?

FUTURE TENSE

Time and tide wait for no man. So, a period of time following the moment of speaking or writing is called as future tense.

For e.g- She will write a letter.

Tense

Past (before now]

Present (now)

Future (After now)

Simple Future

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Simple Future

This tense tells us about an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after

saying or in future

Rule-Will/Shall Verb (Is form)

In Future Tense helping verb 'Shall is used with 'I' and 'We'. Helping verb 'Will" is used with all others. When you are to make a commitment or warn someone or emphasize something, use of 'will'shall' is reversed. 'Will' is used with "I" & "We' and 'shall' is used with others.

In general speaking there is hardly any difference between shall & will' and normally "will" is used with all

Now, let us use this rule in various forms of sentences.

1. Positive/Affirmative Sentences

Subject+ Will/Shall Verb (1st form)+ Object()

She will write a letter.

2. Negative Sentences

Subject + Will/Shall Not Verb (Ist form)+ Object (1)

She will not write a letter. 3. Interrogative Sentences

Will/Shall + Subject + Verh (1st form) Object + (7)

Will she write a letter?

4. Interrogative Negative Sentences

Will/Shall + Subject + Not Verb (Ist form) Object = (?)

Will she not write a letter?

Future Continuous Tense

It is used to express an ongoing or continued action in future. e.g. He will be distributing sweets in temple tomorrow at 12 o'clock. In the example, the action will start in future (tomorrow) and action is thought to

be continued till sometime in future.

We use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress at or

around a time in the future,

Rule: Will/Shall Be + Verb (1st form) + Ing

Now, let us use this rule in various forms of sentences:

1. Positive/Affirmative Sentences - Subject + Will Shall + Be+ Verb (1st form) + Ing + Object + (2)

She will be writing a letter.

2. Negative Sentences

Subject + Will/Shall Not Be Verb (Ist form) + Ing+ Object + (.)

She will not be writing a letter.

3. Interrogative Sentences

WI/Shall + Subject + Be+ Verb (Ist farm)+ Ing+ Object +(?)

Will she be writing a letter"

4. Interrogative Negative Sentences

Will/Shall + Subject + Not Be + Verh (Ist form) + Ing+ Object + (7) Will she not be writing a letter?

Future Perfect Tense

It is used to express an action which will happen/occur in future and will be completed by a certain time in future

We use the future perfect to say that something will be finished by a particular time in the future.

e.g. They will have shifted the house by Sunday morning

Rule: Will/Shall Have Verb (3rd form)

Now, let us use this rule in various forms of sentences:

1. Positive/Affirmative Sentences Subject + Will/Shall + Have Verb (3rd form) Object = ()

She will have written a letter. 2. Negative Sentences

Subject + Will/Shall Not Have Verb (3rd farm) Object+ (

She will not have written a letter. 3. Interrogative Sentences

Will/Shall + Subject - Have + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (7)

Will she have written a letter? 4. Interrogative Negative Sentences

Will/Shall + Subject + Not Have Verb (3rd form) + Object + (7)

Will she not have written a letter?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

It is used to talk about actions that will commence at a fix time in future and will continue for some time in future.

If there is no time reference, then it is not a Future perfect continuous tense. Without continued time reference, such sentences are Future Continuous Tense. Continued time reference only differentiates between Future Continuous Tense and Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

The future perfect progressive emphasize the duration of an activity that will be

in progress before another time or event in the future.

e.g. This time tomorrow, I will be enjoying the cricket match in the stadium.

It is also used to talk about planned actions or actions expected to happen.

e.g. They will be staying for a week's

The future perfect progressive emphasize the duration of an activity that will be in

progress before another time or event in the future.

Rule: Will/Shall + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing

Now, let us use this rule in various forms of sentences,

1. Positive/Affirmative Sentences

Subject + Will/Shall + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + (.)

She will have been writing a letter. 2. Negative Sentences Subject + Will/Shall + Not+ Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing+ Object+ (.)

She will not have been writing a letter.

3. Interrogative Sentences Will/Shall + Subject + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing+ Object +(?)

Will she have been writing a letter? 4. Interrogative Negative Sentences

Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Have been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object +(?) Will she not have been writing a letter?

"If you like this then please comment."

Thank you 💖🤗